The relationship between urbanization and global change at local, regional, and global scales. Global environmental change as driver and outcome of human (economic, political, cultural, and social) and physical (urban structure, expansion, and land use) processes in urban areas. Urbanization as a demographic and biophysical phenomenon. Topics include the human and biophysical dimensions of global environmental change as relevant to the process of urbanization, environmental implications of urban processes and form, urban ecological services, and urban climate.